A plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance mechanism MCR ( mobile colistin resistance) and the first mcr-1 gene was reported in China in 2016 ( Liu et al., 2016). On-going surveillance is a necessary step toward monitoring the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates of Salmonella.Ĭolistin (polymyxin E) is considered to be an antimicrobial agent of last-resort for treatment of MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections ( Elbediwi et al., 2019). This usage also increases the risk of failure when clinical treatment measures are platformed ( Bai et al., 2016). Antimicrobial compounds are used to treat both human infections and food animal production and evidence suggests that antimicrobial use in food-producing animals contributes to resistance among foodborne Salmonella ( Crump et al., 2011). Salmonella, one of the top-ranking foodborne pathogens worldwide, is known to cause mild to severe foodborne infections, and has posed a significant public health challenge globally ( Jazeela et al., 2020). Our study extends our concern on mcr-1-carrying Salmonella in regards to antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors, and highlight the importance of surveillance to mitigate dissemination of mcr-encoding genes among foodborne Salmonella. Additionally, 153 and 152 virulence factors were separately identified in these two isolates with secretion system and fimbrial adherence determinants as the dominant virulence classes. Two IS 26-flanked composite-like transposons were identified. Typhimurium CFSA629 possessed 11 resistance genes including an mcr-1.19 variant and two ESBL genes. Derby CFSA231, only the mcr-1 gene was localized on the IncX4 type plasmid pCFSA231 while 20 chromosomal AMR genes, including four plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, were mapped within a 64 kb Salmonella genomic island (SGI) like region. Both expressed an MDR phenotype and included a single circular chromosome and one plasmid. Salmonella Derby CFSA231 and Salmonella Typhimurium CFSA629 were mcr-1-harboring isolates. Among the 755 Salmonella tested, 72.6% were found to be resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent and 10% were defined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). Genomic features of two mcr-1-carrying isolates, genome sequencing, serotypes and further resistance profiles were studied. This study analyzed the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and the mcr-1 gene presence in 755 foodborne Salmonella from 26 provinces of mainland, China in 2016. However, data on its transmission in Salmonella are still lacking. The mcr-1 gene mediating mobile colistin resistance in Escherichia coli was first reported in China in 2016 followed by reports among different species worldwide, especially in E. 6Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom. ![]()
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